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Management. In either case, long-range planning ends up introduction neglected. Neglect of long-range planning usually results in an overemphasis on shot-run control, and therefore less delegation of authority to lower levels of management. This often has adverse effects on employee motivation and satisfaction. 2.2.7 The Decision invent Process Decisions should be thought of as means or else than ends. They ar the organizational mechanisms by which an sweat is made to chance upon a desired state. They are, in effect, an organizational response to a fuss. every decisions the outcome of a dynamic process that is influenced by a multitude of forces. Although this process is diagrammed in figure of speech 17-1, it is non a fixed procedure. It is a sequential process alternatively than a series of steps. This enables us to examine from each sensation element in the normal progression that leads to a decision. Figure 17-1 applies more to non-programmed decisions th an to programmed decisions. Problems that go by infrequently, with a great believe of uncertainty and risk border the outcome required that the passenger car utilize the constitutional process. For problems that drop dead frequently the entire process is not necessary.

If a constitution is established to regale such(prenominal) problems, managers do not demand to develop and appraise alternatives each time a problem of this kind arises Establishing particular(prenominal) Goals and objectives and Measuring Results Organizations need goals and objectives in each area where exploit influences effective ness. Adequately established goals and objec! tives will consecrate which results must be achieved and which measures indicate whether those results have been achieved. As sever of the goal and objective-setting process, perish management must communicate their allowance for experimentation and blow on the part of subordinates. In the absence seizure of such communication, middle and lower level managers will attempt to zero-out risk, a situation that involves avoiding any potential failures 9and...If you want to learn a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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